Competition success review subscription coupon code

 Competition success review subscription coupon code

 competition success review subscription coupon code Published this articles page no 109  The Government intervention in India has become apparent because of the exponential rise in demand for wireless communication given radio frequencies a scarce commodity the underneath conflicts in spectrum management and their efficiency of use. For example aggressive bidding in India during auctions (in 2010 2012 and 2015) led to major increases in spectrum prices. The average holding of the spectrum of Indian operators was 31 MHz as compared to the global average of 50 MHz in 2017. The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) in August 2018 highlighted its recommendations on the auction of spectrum across several bands including two bands yet to be auctioned in India i.e. 3300 - 3400 MHz and 3400 - 3600 MHz. These bands are likely to emerge as the primary band for 5G services. Spectrum pricing is an invaluable tool to promote efficiency. The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) proposes four different approaches for the valuation of the spectrum. They are 1. Price from previous auctions duly indexed 2. Estimation based on producer surplus 3. A production function approach and 4. A revenue surplus approach. TRAI also uses a multivariate regression method in addition to these approaches. There are often disputes between the state and the operators in allocating and managing spectrums in India. However India has been following a quasi-property rights regime to avoid the subjective administrative management to a market-based mechanism. competition success review subscription coupon code

 

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