competition refresher magazine

competition refresher magazine

competition refresher magazine Published this article page no  40 The project was being implemented in the absence of a data protection legislation.  It might end up being an exercise where private data processing entities may know more about a farmers land than the farmer himself.  Without safeguards private entities would be able to exploit farmers data to whatever extent they wish to.  This information asymmetry tilted towards the technology companies might further exploit farmers especially small and marginal ones. Need  At present the majority of farmers across India are small and marginal farmers with limited access to advanced technologies or formal credit that can help improve output and fetch better prices.  Among the new proposed digital farming technologies and services under the programme include sensors to monitor cattle drones to analyse soil and apply pesticide may significantly improve the farm yields and boost farmers incomes. The India Greenhouse Horticulture market held a market value of USD 190.84 Million in 2021 and is estimated to reach USD 271.25 Million by the year 2030.  The market is expected to register a growth rate of 4.19% over the projected period. In 2021 Indias greenhouse horticulture production was 27.71 million tonnes. What is greenhouse horticulture? Greenhouse Horticulture is also known as protected cropping. It is the production of horticultural crops within under or sheltered by structures for providing modified growing conditions andor protection from adverse weather pests and diseases. Growth Influencers  Robust increase in population and food demand.  Rising entrepreneurship under horticulture due to government intervention.  126 What is Horticulture? The term horticulture is derived from two Latin words hortus meaning garden and cultura meaning cultivation hence meaning crops cultivated in a garden cultivation competition refresher magazine buy.

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competition refresher magazine

competition refresher magazine

competition refresher magazine Published this article page no 39  The central government has claimed that these new databases are being built to primarily tackle issues such as poor access to credit and wastage in the agricultural supply chain. Features and significance  125  Under AgriStack the government aims to provide required data sets of farmers personal information to Microsoft to develop a farmer interface for smart and wellorganized agriculture.  The digital repository will aid precise targeting of subsidies services and policies the officials added.  Under the programme each farmer of the country will get what is being called an FID or a farmers ID linked to land records to uniquely identify them. India has 140 million operational farmland holdings. Issues with the move Agriculture has become the latest sector getting a boost of techno solutionism by the government.  But it has since then also become the latest sector to enter the whole debate about data privacy and surveillance.  Since the signing of the MoUs several concerns related to sharing farmers data with private companies are raised.  The development has raised serious concerns about information asymmetry data privacy and consent profiling of farmers mismanaged land records and corporatization of agriculture.  The formation of Agristack also implies commercialization of agriculture extension activities as they will shift into a digital and private sphere competition refresher magazine buy.

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competition refresher magazine

competition refresher magazine

competition refresher magazine Published this article page no 38  The definition of small loans varies between countries. In India all loans that are below Rs. 1 lakh can be considered as microloans. Microcredit is delivered through a variety of institutional channels viz 1. Scheduled commercial banks (SCBs) (including small finance banks (SFBs) and regional rural banks (RRBs)). 2. Cooperative banks. 3. Nonbanking financial companies (NBFCs). 4. Microfinance institutions (MFIs) registered as NBFCs as well as in other forms. Significance of Proposal  RBI has reposed faith in the maturity of the microfinance sector with this step.  This is a forwardlooking step where the responsibility is of the institution to fix a reasonable interest rate on transparent terms. Growth of microfinancing  In the 1990s microcredit was given by scheduled commercial banks either directly or via nongovernmental organisations to womens selfhelp groups but given the lack of regulation and scope for high returns several forprofit financial agencies such as NBFCs and MFIs emerged.  By the mid2000s there were widespread accounts of the malpractices of MFIs and a crisis in some States such as Andhra Pradesh arising out of a rapid and unregulated expansion of private forprofit microlending.  The microfinance crisis of Andhra Pradesh led the RBI to review the matter and based on the recommendations of the Malegam Committee a new regulatory framework for NBFCMFIs was introduced in December 2011.  A few years later the RBI permitted a new type of private lender SFBs with the objective of taking banking activities to the unserved and underserved sections of the population.  Today as the RBIs consultative document notes 31% of microfinance is provided by NBFCMFIs and another 19% by SFBs and 9% by NBFCs.  These private financial institutions have grown exponentially over the last few years garnering high profits and at this pace the current share of public sector banks in microfinance (the SHGbank linked microcredit) of 41% is likely to fall sharply. Topics Major crops cropping patterns in various parts of the country different types of irrigation and irrigation systems storage transport and marketing of agricultural produce and issues and related constraints etechnology in the aid of farmers. 1. AgriStack Context The government is working on a digital stack of agricultural datasets with its core as land records.  But such a centralised stack will use old and inaccurate land records farmers personal and financial details will be used without a strong data protection law and rural areas have a low level of digital literacy. Hence experts say such an AgriStack is problematic. What is AgriStack? The AgriStack is a collection of technologies and digital databases proposed by the Central Government focusing on Indias farmers and the agricultural sector competition refresher magazine buy.

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competition wizard

competition wizard

competition wizard Published this article page no  54 FAME 2 will also encourage interlinking of renewable energy sources with charging infrastructure. Need of the hour  India needs auto industrys active participation to ease electric mobility transition. The auto and battery industries could collaborate to enhance customer awareness and promote domestic manufacturing.  Government needs to focus on a phased manufacturing plan to promote EVs provide fiscal and nonfiscal incentives for phased manufacturing of EVs and batteries. Topics Science and Technology developments and their applications and effects in everyday life Achievements of Indians in science & technology indigenization of technology and developing new technology. 1. National Science Day Context 28th February is celebrated as National Science Day (NSD) in India. NSD is celebrated to commemorate discovery of the Raman Effect which led to Sir C.V. Raman winning the Nobel Prize.  The first National Science Day was celebrated on February 28 1987.  Integrated Approach in Science and Technology for a Sustainable Future. What is the Raman Effect? A phenomenon in spectroscopy discovered by the eminent physicist Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman in 1928. Raman Effect is a change in the wavelength of light that occurs when a light beam is deflected by molecules. 1. When a beam of light traverses a dustfree transparent sample of a chemical compound a small fraction of the light emerges in directions other than that of the incident (incoming) beam. 2. Most of this scattered light is of unchanged wavelength. A small part however has wavelengths different from that of the incident light its presence is a result of the competition wizard buy.

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competition wizard

competition wizard 

competition wizard Published this article page no  53 Ministry of Road Transport & Highways (MoRTH) announced that batteryoperated vehicles will be given green license plates and be exempted from permit requirements.  MoRTH issued a notification advising states to waive road tax on EVs which in turn will help reduce the initial cost of EVs. About FAME India scheme FAMEIndia Scheme is implementing by Department of Heavy Industry in order to promote manufacturing of electric and hybrid vehicle technology and to ensure sustainable growth of the same.  FAME India is a part of the National Electric Mobility Mission Plan.  Main thrust of FAME is to encourage electric vehicles by providing subsidies.  (FAMEIndia) Scheme proposes to give a push to electric vehicles (EVs) in public transport and seeks to encourage adoption of EVs by way of market creation and demand aggregation. It is being implemented in two phases 1. PhaseI [Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of (Hybrid) & Electric Vehicles in India] from 1st April 2015. 2. The PhaseII of the Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of (Hybrid) & Electric Vehicles. FAMEIndia Scheme PhaseI  Under PhaseI of FAMEIndia Scheme the Government has supported about 500 charging stations to establish electric vehicle charging stations in the country.  Out of about 500 charging stations sanctioned under PhaseI of FAMEIndia Scheme about 230 charging stations have been installed.  Further Energy Efficiency Services Limited (EESL) under the Ministry of Power has deployed 65 public charging stations for EVs in the country. FAMEIndia Scheme PhaseII  FAME 2 scheme aims to boost electric mobility and increase the number of electric vehicles in commercial fleets.  The government will provide the incentives for electric buses threewheelers and fourwheelers to be used for commercial purposes.  The centre will invest in setting up charging stations with the active participation of public sector units and private players.  Projects for charging infrastructure will include those needed to extend electrification for running vehicles such as pantograph charging and flash charging competition wizard buy. 

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junior science refresher magazine

junior science refresher magazine

junior science refresher magazine Published this article page no  64 In 2014 the Supreme Court ruled that unexplained delay in execution was a ground for commutation of death penalty and an inmate his or her kin or even a publicspirited citizen could file a writ petition seeking such commutation.It held that prolonging execution of death sentence has a dehumanising effect on condemned prisoners who have to face the agony of waiting for years under the shadow of death during the pendency of their mercy plea. An inordinate delay would certainly have an agonising effects on their body and mind.In the same year a Constitution bench also held that a review petition by a deathrow convict will be heard by a threejudge bench in open court. Such cases were earlier being considered by twojudge benches in the judges chamber without any oral arguments. Challenges ahead The enormity of the task before the Supreme Court is captured by the fact that trial courts in India have already sentenced more than 50 people to death in 2022 and often in violation of procedural and substantive laws.It is not going to be easy for the Supreme Court to bring about a balance of fairness and consistency in death penalty sentencing across courts in India but the fact that the court has chosen to address it headon is certainly noteworthy and worthy of our appreciation. Insta Curious Project 39A is a criminal justice research and legal aid program at National Law University Delhi that has worked extensively in death penalty cases junior science refresher magazine buy.

junior science refresher magazine

junior science refresher magazine

junior science refresher magazine

junior science refresher magazine Published this article page no  63 More than four decades after a landmark ruling on death sentence cases a bench in the Supreme Court has made psychological evaluation of the condemned prisoner mandatory.It has also sought a report on the inmates conduct at the time of examining whether the gallows remains the only fitting punishment. What has the court said? Taking a cue from the Bachan Singh verdict justice Lalit in a series of death sentences cases has recently held that complete assistance to the court in such matters would necessitate the production of not just the evidence in the case but also the latest state of the mental health of the prisoner. Supreme Courts verdict in Bachan Singh vs State of Punjab (1980) This verdict established the doctrine of rarest of rare crime in handing down capital punishment while mandating a comparative analysis of aggravating and mitigating circumstances in connection to the accused.The judgment laid down that a court must scrutinise both the crime as well as the criminal and then decide whether death penalty is the only suitable punishment in the facts of the case.  36Emphasis is to be also laid on the aggravating and mitigating factors which are dependent upon the facts and circumstances of the case. Machi Singh vs State of Punjab (1983) In this case the Supreme Court elucidated the doctrine of rarest of rare and set down some guiding principles in the death sentences cases.The aggravating circumstances included the manner in which the crime was committed motive for committing the crime severity of the crime and the victim of the crime.The mitigating circumstances consisted of the possibility of reformation and rehabilitation of an accused his mental health and his antecedents. What has the Court said on prolonging death sentences and review petitions junior science refresher magazine buy.

junior science refresher magazine

knowledge questions magazine in english

knowledge questions magazine in english

knowledge questions magazine in english  Published this article page no  107 51. Indias first rapid rail for Delhi to Meerut corridor  Indias first rapid rail for the Delhi to Meerut corridor was unveiled by the National Capital Regional Transport Corporation (NCRTC) recently.  The Regional Rapid Transit System (RRTS) train will run on the DelhiGhaziabadMeerut corridor and cover a distance of 82 km in just 55 minutes.  It will also be the first in the country to have a business or premium coach on a regional corridor.  52. Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary  Located in Tamil Nadu.  The sanctuary was notified as RF (Reserve Forest) in 1963 under the Madras Act 1882.  Finally in 1998 the sanctuary was notified under section 26(i) of the Wildlife Protection Act 1972.  There are about 28000 land and water birds visiting this prestigious wetland sanctuary.  It is home to migratory birds such as pintail garganey grey wagtail bluewinged teal common sandpiper and the like.  It is the oldest water bird sanctuary in the country.  Vedanthangal in Tamil language means hamlet of the hunter. Why in the News? Keeping in mind ecological security and habitat ecology of the Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary the Tamil Nadu Forest Department has decided to withdraw a controversial proposal that sought to reduce the core area of the sanctuary knowledge questions magazine in English buy.

knowledge questions magazine in english

knowledge questions magazine in english

knowledge questions magazine in english

knowledge questions magazine in english  Published this article page no  106 50. Man Booker International Prize Recently Delhibased writer Geetanjali Shrees 2019 novel Ret Samadhi became the first Hindi work of fiction among 13 books to be longlisted for the Man Booker International Prize. The novel has been translated into English by painter writer and translator Daisy Rockwell under the title Tomb of Sand. About the Prize  Man Booker International Prize is an international literary award hosted in the United Kingdom.  The introduction of the International Prize to complement the Man Booker Prize was announced in June 2004.  Sponsored by the Man Group from 2005 until 2015 the award was given every two years to a living author of any nationality for a body of work published in English or generally available in English translation.  Since 2016 the award has been given annually to a single book translated into English and published in the United Kingdom or Ireland with a £50000 prize for the winning title shared equally between author and translator knowledge questions magazine in English buy.  

knowledge questions magazine in english